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Population

Historical and archaeological evidence and linguistic survivals seem to confirm that the present territory of Romania had a fully developed society, with a high degree of economic, cultural, and even political development, long before the Roman armies crossed the Danube into what became known as the province of Dacia. Roman influence was profound and created a civilization that managed to maintain its identity during the great folk migrations that followed the collapse of the empire. The first mention of Walachs (Volokhs, Vlachs), the name given to the Romanian people by their neighbours, appears in the 9th century.

During the medieval period there appeared two independent Romanian feudal states, with mountain crests marking a political frontier: their conventional names are Walachia (called in Romania Tara Romāneasca, literally "Romanian Land") and Moldavia (Romanian: Moldova), both on the southern and eastern slopes of the Carpathians. Initially, the core areas of these states were centred in the foothills of the Carpathians; only later, as the Romanian lands on the plains were gradually consolidated, were the major settlements transferred from the mountains, first to Tārgoviste and Suceava and later to Bucharest and Iasi.

Transylvania was affected during the Middle Ages by colonization by Hungarian-speaking Szeklers and German-speaking Saxons. More German speakers, known as Swabians, arrived in the Banat in the 18th century along with various Slav groups, mainly Serbs. Meanwhile, Turkish rule left an ethnic legacy of Turks and Tatars along the lower Danube, and Gypsies settled in all parts of the country. Jews from Poland and Russia arrived during the first half of the 19th century.

Minority ethnic groups compose about one-tenth of the population. The largest group is the Hungarians, followed by the Gypsies, the Germans, and the Ukrainians. Of the larger minority groups listed in the 1977 census (i.e., those constituting more than 1.0 percent of the population), only the Gypsies have increased their share of the population; by contrast, the number of German speakers has fallen drastically, mainly through emigration.


Administrative Divisions Population Map of division Main City Population
Alba403,500 map      Alba72,405
Arad477,700 map      Arad185,475
Arges677,200 map      Pitesti185,693
Bacau745,500 map      Bacau208,565
Bihor628,500 map      Oradea223,680
Bistrita-Nasaud327,300 map      Bistrita86,945
Botosani461,800 map      Botosani129,019
Braila389,900 map      Braila235,243
Brasov637,500 map      Brasov319,908
Bucharest2,354,500 map      Bucharest2,354,500
Buzau510,700 map      Buzau149,293
Calarasi334,200 map      Calarasi77,856
Caras-Severin362,500 map      Resita94,580
Cluj726,800 map      Cluj-Napoca332,297
Constanta747,100 map      Constanta346,830
Covasna231,900 map      Sfantu Gheorghe67,153
Dimbovita555,400 map      Targoviste99,173
Dolj752,000 map      Craiova310,838
Galati641,600 map      Galati327,975
Giurgiu300,600 map      Giurgiu73,621
Gorj397,000 map      Targu Jiu98,342
Harghita344,300 map      Miercurea Ciuc46,985
Hunedoara543,800 map      Deva76,765
Ialomita305,000 map      Slobozia56,977
Iasi822,600 map      Iasi346,613
Maramures535,100 map      Baia Mare149,307
Mehedinti327,500 map      Drobeta-Turnu Severin118,114
Mures604,300 map      Targu Mures166,099
Neamt584,780 map      Piatra Neamt125,803
Olt517,600 map      Slatina87,264
Prahova869,000 map      Ploiesti253,623
Salaj261,040 map      Zalau70,796
Satu Mare394,100 map      Satu Mare130,271
Sibiu444,900 map      Sibiu169,460
Suceava710,800 map      Suceava117,571
Teleorman470,280 map      Alexandria59,075
Timis692,600 map      Timisoara332,277
Tulcea266,900 map      Tulcea97,038
Valcea433,300 map      Ramnicu Valcea118,539
Vaslui462,700 map      Vaslui80,041
Vrancea392,600 map      Focsani100,314




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